加载World
首先,要从M3D文件中加载World。在pogoroo.m3g文件中,你会看到一只袋鼠在一根弹簧单高跷杆上跳跃,其身边是一片绿茵。下面的列表1调用了加载器类的方法load()。
列表1. 加载
try {
//从M3D文件中加载World
myWorld = (World)Loader.load("/pogoroo.m3g")[0];
getObjects();
setupAspectRatio();
}
catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
从3D世界中取得对象
3D世界已经被加载,现在你必须从中取得各个对象(见列表2)。这里,3D世界中有四个对象,其中之一是有关动画(袋鼠在单脚跳)的信息。你可以使用World的find()方法来取得这些对象。
列表2. 从3D World中取得对象
try {
tRoo = (Group) myWorld.find(POGOROO);
tCams = (Group) myWorld.find(CAMERA);
acRoo = (Group) myWorld.find(TRANSFORM);
animRoo = (AnimationController) myWorld.find(ROO);
//取得动画的长度
AnimationTrack track = acRoo.getAnimationTrack(0);
animLength = 1000; // 缺省长度为1秒
if (track != null) {
KeyframeSequence ks = track.getKeyframeSequence();
if (ks != null) animLength = ks.getDuration();
}
}
catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
设置窗口宽高比例
你必须设置窗口的宽高比例以使对象能够正确着色。列表3中的代码是未改动的-基本上同Sun的例子一样。首先,检查画布的宽度和高度,然后根据相机的类型来计算宽高比例。
列表3. 设置宽高比例
void setupAspectRatio() {
viewport_x = 0;
viewport_y = 0;
viewport_width = myCanvas.getWidth();
viewport_height = myCanvas.getHeight();
Camera cam = myWorld.getActiveCamera();
float[] params = new float[4];
int type = cam.getProjection(params);
if(type != Camera.GENERIC) {
//计算窗口的宽高比
float waspect=viewport_width/viewport_height;
if (waspect<params[1]) {
float height = viewport_width/params[1];
viewport_height=(int)height;
viewport_y=(myCanvas.getHeight()-viewport_height)/2;
}
else {
float width = viewport_height*params[1];
viewport_width=(int)width;
viewport_x=(myCanvas.getWidth()-viewport_width)/2;
}
}
}
刷新视图
为了刷新视图,你可以用TimerTask来调用画布的repaint()方法。另一种方法是直接使用线程,然后创建ExampleCanvas(画布类的名字)来实现Runnable接口。
列表4. 刷新视图
private class RefreshTask extends TimerTask
{
public void run(){
if(myCanvas != null && myGraphics3D != null && myWorld != null) {
int startTime = (int)System.currentTimeMillis();
int validity = myWorld.animate(startTime);
myCanvas.repaint(viewport_x, viewport_y, viewport_width, viewport_height);
}
}
}
完整的例程代码分析
在列表5中,你会看到应用程序的完整代码。虽然长些,但是比Sun的例子要简单许多。你可以通过给应用程序添加上一些动作和逻辑来练习你的MIDP技能。
列表5. 完整的例程代码
package com.kontio;
import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
import java.lang.IllegalArgumentException;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.microedition.m3g.*;
public class Example3D extends MIDlet implements CommandListener{
//我们在场景中使用的对象的UserID
static final int POGOROO = 554921620;
static final int CAMERA = 769302310;
static final int TRANSFORM = 347178853;
static final int ROO = 418071423;
private Display myDisplay = null;
private ExampleCanvas myCanvas = null;
private Timer myRefreshTimer = new Timer();
private TimerTask myRefreshTask = null;
private Command exitCommand = new Command("Exit", Command.ITEM, 1);
Graphics3D myGraphics3D = Graphics3D.getInstance();
World myWorld = null;
private AnimationController animRoo = null;
private Group tRoo = null;
private Group tCams = null;
private Group acRoo = null;
private int animLength = 0;
int viewport_x;
int viewport_y;
int viewport_width;
int viewport_height;
public Example3D(){
super();
myDisplay = Display.getDisplay(this);
myCanvas = new ExampleCanvas(this);
myCanvas.setCommandListener(this);
myCanvas.addCommand(exitCommand);
}
public void startApp() throws MIDletStateChangeException{
myDisplay.setCurrent(myCanvas);
try{
// 从文件中加载World
myWorld = (World)Loader.load("/pogoroo.m3g")[0];
getObjects();
setupAspectRatio();
}
catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
myRefreshTask = new RefreshTask();
// 调度一个重要执行的计时器以显示出帧速率20fps.
myRefreshTimer.schedule(myRefreshTask, 0, 50);
}
void setupAspectRatio(){
viewport_x = 0;
viewport_y = 0;
viewport_width = myCanvas.getWidth();
viewport_height = myCanvas.getHeight();
Camera cam = myWorld.getActiveCamera();
float[] params = new float[4];
int type = cam.getProjection(params);
if(type != Camera.GENERIC){
//计算窗口的宽高比例
float waspect=viewport_width/viewport_height;
if (waspect<params[1]){
float height = viewport_width/params[1];
viewport_height=(int)height;
viewport_y=(myCanvas.getHeight()-viewport_height)/2;
}
else{
float width = viewport_height*params[1];
viewport_width=(int)width;
viewport_x=(myCanvas.getWidth()-viewport_width)/2;
}
}
}
public void getObjects(){
try{
tRoo = (Group) myWorld.find(POGOROO);
tCams = (Group) myWorld.find(CAMERA);
acRoo = (Group) myWorld.find(TRANSFORM);
animRoo = (AnimationController) myWorld.find(ROO);
//取得动画的长度
AnimationTrack track = acRoo.getAnimationTrack(0);
animLength = 1000; // 缺省的长度,1秒
if (track != null){
KeyframeSequence ks = track.getKeyframeSequence();
if (ks != null)
animLength = ks.getDuration();
}
}
catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void pauseApp(){}
public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional) throws MIDletStateChangeException{
myRefreshTimer.cancel();
myRefreshTimer = null;
myRefreshTask = null;
}
public void paint(Graphics g){
if(g.getClipWidth() != viewport_width ||
g.getClipHeight() != viewport_height ||
g.getClipX() != viewport_x ||
g.getClipY() != viewport_y){
g.setColor(0x00);
g.fillRect(0, 0, myCanvas.getWidth(), myCanvas.getHeight());
}
if ((myGraphics3D != null) && (myWorld != null)){
myGraphics3D.bindTarget(g);
myGraphics3D.setViewport(viewport_x, viewport_y,
viewport_width, viewport_height);
myGraphics3D.render(myWorld);
myGraphics3D.releaseTarget();
}
}
public void commandAction(Command cmd, Displayable disp)
{
if (cmd == exitCommand){
try{
destroyApp(false);
notifyDestroyed();
}
catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private class RefreshTask extends TimerTask{
public void run(){
if(myCanvas !=null && myGraphics3D != null && myWorld != null{
int startTime = (int)System.currentTimeMillis();
int validity = myWorld.animate(startTime);
myCanvas.repaint(viewport_x, viewport_y, viewport_width, viewport_height);
}
}
}
class ExampleCanvas extends Canvas{
Example3D myRooMIDlet;
int i = 0;
ExampleCanvas(Example3D Testlet) { myRooMIDlet = Testlet; }
void init() { }
void destroy() { }
protected void paint(Graphics g) { myRooMIDlet.paint(g); }
protected void keyPressed(int i) { }
protected void keyReleased(int i) { }
protected void keyRepeated(int i) { }
protected void pointerDragged(int x, int y) { }
protected void pointerPressed(int x, int y) { }
protected void pointerReleased(int x, int y) { }
}
}
运行在模拟器中的例程
展示了例程在WTK模拟器中运行的结果。图中的袋鼠和田地看上去棒极了。如果设计者选择对其中任何对象改变一下的话,可以用the3D工具来完成,而在例程MIDlet中不需要作任何变化。
例程在模拟器中运行的结果
结论
现在,你又看到一种使用JSR 184(也称移动3D API)的更高级的方式来创建3D应用程序。在保留模式下,设计者可以使用现有的3D建模工具来创建3D世界和其中的对象,然后把这些模型输出到M3G文件中。之后,应用程序只需装入该模型并在屏幕上绘制3D世界的视图即可